1. cardiovascular a. （病等）心血管的
Scientific studies show that carnivorous diet is hard to digest because of fat which may clog blood vessels, leading to cardiovascular disease. 科学研究表明荤菜因为油脂的缘故不容易消化，油脂可能阻塞血管，引发心血管病。

2. careful a. 小心的；仔细的
After careful consideration, we’ve decided to accept their offer. 经过周密的考虑，我们决定接受他们的提议。

3. carnivorous a. 食肉类的
Humankind is carnivorous in biological makeup. Our bodily systems are predisposed to digest meat. 在生理结构上，人类是食肉动物。我们的身体系统倾向于消化肉食。

4. catastrophic a. 悲惨的；灾难的
Environmentalists have warned of the catastrophic consequences of pollution caused by the industry. 环保人士对因工业污染引起的灾难性后果提出过警告。

5. challenging a. 具有挑战性的
A lot of human labor has been saved since the introduction of industrial machines, enabling humans to devote more time and energy to some creative and challenging work. 自从使用了工业机器，大量人力得以节省，人们可以把更多的时间和精力放在有创造性和挑战性的工作上。

6. characteristic a. 特有的；典型的
The flint walls are characteristic of the local architecture. 燧石墙是当地建筑的一大特色。

7. cheating a. 欺骗的
Many advertisements are simply misleading and cheating. They are filled with flowery phrases and empty promises. 很多广告充满了花哨的词语和空洞的承诺，完全是一种误导和欺骗。

8. chronic a. （疾病）慢性的；长期的
Vegetarians are, on the average, far healthier than those who consume the typical Western diet, and enjoy a lower incidence of many chronic diseases. 素食者通常都比吃典型西餐的人健康得多，慢性病发病率比较低。

9. civilized a. 文明的；有礼的
Let’s discuss this in a civilized manner. 让我们以文雅的方式来讨论这件事。

10. cocky a. 骄傲的；自大的
Without school uniforms, rich kids may be cocky at their expensive clothes, which may lead to conflicts among students. 如果不穿校服，有钱人家的孩子可能会为他们昂贵的服装而趾高气扬，这会导致学生间的矛盾冲突。

11. cognitive a. 认知的；认识的；认识过程的
Artistic education offers the young generation opportunities to develop their cognitive skills. 艺术教育给年轻一代提供机会来发展认知技能。

12. compatible a. 协调的；一致的；亲和的
Health and hard work can be compatible. 健康与努力工作是可以协调一致的。
13. compelling a. 强制的；令人信服的
He remains a compelling figure in politics. 他在政治上是个引人注目的人物。
14. competent a. 有能力的；能胜任的

He is not competent to drive such a big car. 他开不了这样的大汽车。
15. compulsive a. 强制的；强迫的；有强烈吸引力的
Compulsive drinking is bad for one’s health. 嗜酒有害健康。

16. compulsory a. 强迫的；强制的；义务的
Military service is compulsory in many countries. 在许多国家，服兵役是一种义务。

17. conducive a. 有益的
Going to bed late is not conducive to good health. 晚睡不利于健康。

18. conservative a. 保守的；守旧的
Some conservative men still think that women should stay at home. 一些思想保守的男子仍然认为妇女应该留在家里。

19. considerably ad. 相当大地；在很大程度上
It is undeniable that there are still a considerably huge amount of smokers existing in the world. 无可否认的是，世界上仍有数量庞大的烟民。

20. considerate a. 考虑周到的；关切的；体贴的
Young people should take the responsibility of being considerate to elderly people. 年轻人应该承担起照顾老年人的责任。

1. astronomical  a.  极巨大的
Astronomical sums of money will be needed for space exploration.  太空探索需要巨额的资金。

2. athletic  a.  运动的；强壮的；行动敏捷的
The Olympic Games are the world`s largest pageant of athletic skills and competitive spirit.  奥运会是世界上最大的展示体育技能、体现竞赛精神的盛会。

3. authentic  a.  可信的；真正的；手续完备的
Museums and galleries have an abundance of authentic paintings and works of art.  博物馆和美术馆有丰富的画作和艺术品真迹。

4. available  a.  可利用的
The university is trying to make more accommodation available for students.  该大学在设法为学生提供更多的住处。

5. awkward  a.  难使用的；笨拙的；难处理的
Whether doctors should tell white lies to cancer patients or not remains an awkward question.  医生是否应该对癌症病人说善意的谎言，这是个棘手的问题。

6. backward  a.  落后的
Due to backward science and technology, people in some undeveloped countries and regions such as those in Africa, Latin America and Asia suffer a great deal from poverty, hunger and lack of water.  由于科学技术落后，像非洲、拉丁美洲和亚洲的一些不发达的国家和地区的人民因为贫困、饥饿和水资源缺乏饱受磨难。

7. balanced  a.  平稳的；安定的；和谐的
As animals dependant on the natural world for survival, we are justified in choosing food that gives us a balanced diet.  作为依靠自然世界生存的动物，我们有理由选择给我们提供均衡饮食的食物。

8. baneful  a.  有害的；引起灾祸的；致死的
Waste gas emitted by cars has exerted a baneful influence on natural environment.  汽车排出的废气对自然环境有极坏的影响。

9. barbaric  a.  野蛮的；半开化的
As the saying goes, "Seeing is believing". Only a trip to an unfamiliar land can help us understand that the people and culture there are not as barbaric as we think.  俗话说：“眼见为实”。只有去陌生的地方去旅行一次，才能帮助我们理解那里的居民和文化并不是我们想像的那样野蛮。

10. barren  a.  无益的；单调的；无聊的
It is useless to continue such a barren argument.  继续这个无聊的辩论是徒劳无用的。

11. beforehand  a.  预先准备好的；过早的
If we had known beforehand what car manufacturing would cause such a disaster to our environment. we might have given up the industry.  如果我们事前知道汽车制造会对我们的环境造成如此大的灾难，我们就会放弃这个产业。

12. beneficial  a.  有益的；有使用权的
Raising pets is beneficial and joyful.  养宠物既有益又有趣。

13. benign  a.  慈祥的；有益的；良性的
Co-education encourages benign competition and cooperation between male and female students.  男女同校鼓励男女同学间有益的竞争和合作。

14. bewildering  a.  令人困惑的；使人昏乱的
Space exploration is at the same time a bewildering and exciting topic.  太空探索是既令人迷惑又令人兴奋的话题。

15. biased  a.  有偏见的
I admit I`m biased, but I think our performance was brilliant.  我承认我有偏见，但我认为我们的表演很出色。

16. bilingual  a.  能说两种语言的
Overseas education provides students an opportunity to be familiar with another culture and become bilingual ones.  海外留学让学生有就会熟悉另一种文化，成为能说两种语言的人。

17. biological  a.  生物学的
The biological laboratory undertakes the highest level of creative research and education in biology.  这家生物实验室从事生物学上最高级别的创造性研究和教育工作。

18. booming  a.  迅速发展的
The image of a country as a modern, civilized and dynamic society can be enhanced by booming cultural development.  繁荣的文化发展可提升国家作为一个现代的、文明的和充满动感的社会。

19. boundless  a.  无限的；无边无际的
The Internet occupies little space and has a boundless storing capacity.  互联网几乎不占用空间但却拥有无限的存储能力。

20. brutal  a.  残忍的；兽性的
Nothing can be more brutal than taking away human life.  没有比夺走人的生命更残忍的事。

1. aesthetic a. 美学的；审美的；具有审美趣味的
The design isn`t particularly aesthetic, but at least it`s practical. 这款设计不是很具美感，不过至少实用。

2. affluent a. 丰富的；富裕的
The new magazine will be directed at a more affluent circulation. 新杂志将争取更大的发行量。

3. aggravating a. 使恶化的；加重的；恼人的
Amid aggravating environmental conditions, economic growth and human health certainly is of growing concern. 在诸多不断恶化的环境条件下，经济增长和人类健康当然是人们日益关注的事。

4. aggressive a. 侵略的；敢作敢为的；有闯劲的；积极进取的 A successful businessman has to be aggressive. 成功的企业家必须要有股冲劲。

5. agile a. 灵敏的
Military life helps cultivate young people`s sharp mind and agile actions. 军旅生涯有助于培养年轻人敏锐的思维和敏捷的行动。

6. alarming a. 使人惊动的；令人担忧的
The most alarming symptom of global warming is the melting of the north pole sea ice. 全球变暖最令人担忧的征兆是北极冰的融化。

7. all-round a. 多面的；万能的；包括一切的
The British Museum, maybe the largest one in the world, provides visitors with all-round knowledge about world cultures and arts. 大英博物馆可能是世界上最大的博物馆，提供给参观者关于世界文化和艺术的全面知识。

8. alluring a. 迷人的；吸引人的；诱惑的
The idea of replacing failed organs with cloned ones sounds alluring to some people, especially cancer victims. 用克隆器官替代已经丧失功能的器官的这个想法对有些人，特别是癌症患者来说很有吸引力。

9. alternative a. 两者（或两者以上）择一的；（两种选择中）非此即彼的；供选择的
There doesn`t seem to be an alternative option. 似乎没有另一个选择。

10. amateur a. 业余的
Set up originally as a competition for amateur athletes not needing commercial support, the Olympics have become a spectacularly successful vehicle for commercialism. 奥运会原来是为业余运动员设立的，不需要商业赞助，现在已经成为了一个特别成功的商业工具。

11. antisocial a. 反社会的；有害于公众利益的
This essay aims to deal with the causal relationship between corporal punishment and antisocial behavior. 本文将研究体罚和反社会行为之间的因果关系。

12. appalling a. 令人震惊的；骇人听闻的
We heard the appalling news about the earthquake. 我们听到了有关地震的令人震惊的消息。

13. appealing a. 吸引人的
Flexible working is more appealing to well-educated graduates, so they are less likely to switch jobs as freely. 灵活的工作方式对受过良好教育的毕业生更具有吸引力，所以他们不会轻易地换工作。

14. appetizing a. 美味可口的；开胃的
A carnivorous diet is more appetizing than a vegetarian one as the former contains more protein. 荤食比素食更可口，因为前者含有更多的蛋白质。

15. arrogant a. 傲慢的；自大的
I found him arrogant and overbearing. 我发现他妄自尊大，盛气凌人。

16. artificial a. 人造的；人工的
Many advanced technologies including artificial insemination and cloning have raised ethical discussions in the society. 许多先进的技术，包括人工受精和克隆，在社会上引起了伦理讨论。

17. artistic a. 艺术的；艺术家的
Artistic education offers the young generation opportunities to develop their cognitive skills. 艺术教育给年轻一代提供发展认识技能的机会。

18. aspirant a. 上进心的；渴望的
The government encourages aspirant youngsters to join the army and serve the country. 政府鼓励有上进心的年轻人参军报国。

19. astonishing a. 令人惊异的
It`s astonishing that so many people should be absent. 竟有这么多的人缺席，这使人惊讶。

20. astray ad. 迷途地；入歧途地
The temptations of the big city soon led him astray. 大城市里的种种诱惑很快把他引向邪路。

1. abandoned  a.  被抛弃的；恣意放荡的；无约束的
It is easy for telecommuters to have the feeling of being abandoned by their employers.  在家工作的人很容易产生被雇主遗弃的感觉。

2. abnormal  a.  反常的；变态的
Animals kept in zoos suffer psychological distress, often displayed by abnormal or self-destructive behavior.  被关在动物园的动物患有心理压抑，通常表现出异常行为或自毁行为。

3. aboriginal  a.  原始的；土著的
Many aboriginal languages and cultures are on the verge of extinction.  许多土著语言和文化处于灭绝的边缘。

4. abrupt  a.  突然的；唐突的；陡峭的
Abrupt catastrophes may come one day if mankind continues to pollute the environment.  如果人类继续污染环境，大灾祸可能会很快降临。

5. absorbing  a.  吸引人的；非常有趣的
Some TV programs are so absorbing that few teenagers can resist their temptation.  有些电视节目太诱人，几乎没有青少年能抵挡住诱惑。

6. absurd  a.  荒谬的；可笑的
The idea that the number 13 brings bad luck is absurd.  认为“13”这个数字不吉利的想法是愚蠢可笑的。

7. abundant  a.  丰富的；充裕的
Urban citizens enjoy a great number of advantages including abundant job opportunity, fine public facilities, high education level and good living conditions.  城市居民享有很多好处：充分的就业机会、完善的公共施设、高水平的教育和优质的居住环境。

8. academic  a.  学校的；理论的；学术的
She loved the city, with its academic atmosphere.  她喜欢这个城市，喜欢其学术氛围。

9. accessible  a. 易接近的；可理解的
E-books have characteristics that in some ways are superior to those of traditional books, being more flexible and accessible than paper books will ever be.  电子书籍在某些方面优于传统书籍，它比后者更灵活和更易得到。

10. accountable  a. 应负责的；可解释的
The government is accountable to the public for its protection of cultural heritage.  政府有义务对公众说明保护文化遗产的工作情况。

11. adaptable  a.  能适应（新环境）的；适应性强的；可改编的
The co-educational system makes children more socially adaptable.  男女同校让孩子更能适应社会。

12. addicted  a.  入了迷的；上了瘾的
Some people may be addicted to net surfing, which impairs their physical and mental health.  有些人可能沉溺于网络，这有害身心健康。

13. admirable  a.  令人钦佩的；值得赞美的；绝妙的；极好的
This project is admirable for the vast labour it involved.  这一项目因工程浩大而引人赞赏。

14. adolescent  a.  青春期的；青少年的
Many psychological and physiological problems vexing an adolescent student can be readily solved in a co-educational school.  许多困扰青少年学生的心理和生理问题可以在男女共校的学校中解决。

15. adoring  a.  崇拜的；敬慕的
Students have a deep feeling for adoring teachers than cold and speechless computers.  学生对敬爱的老师比对冰冷、一言不发的电脑更有感情。

16. advanced  a. 高级的；先进的
Today`s advanced technology means that it is often cost-effective for information to spread.  现在的先进技术意味着信息的传递更节省成本。

17. advantaged  a.  得天独厚的；有利的
The new law encourages schools to spend more money on the less advantaged students.  新法则鼓励学校对贫困生加大教育费用的投入。

18. advantageous  a.  有利的
Tourism is advantageous to a nation by earning foreign exchanges and increasing eimployment rate.  旅游业对国家有利，可以赚取外汇和提高就业率。

19. adverse  a.  不有好的；有害的；逆的
The drug has no adverse effect on patients.  此药对病人无副作用。

20. advisable  a.  可取的；明智的
It`s advisable that they go with a clearly defined goal in mind.  他们去时宜在思想上有一个明确的目标。

不论是雅思还是托福的写作部分，评分标准中非常重要的一项就是句型结构，要求句型结构做到丰富多变。那到底什么样的句型才是高分句型呢? 怎样才能做到句型丰富呢？这是很多学生的疑问，也是我在教学中一直思考的问题。通过不断地归纳和总结，将下面这十种高分句型介绍给大家。不需要你全部都用上，因为只要用上几种就足以使你的写作成绩提高一个甚至几个档次。

第一， 定语从句。
这应该算是写作中最常用的一种句型之一。适当地运用定语从句可以给你的文章增色不少。
例如，下面的这两个句子用上定语从句马上就变成了一个漂亮的复杂句。
Bad books contain evil thoughts. In them, there might be much description about violence, superstition, and sex.
→ Bad books, in which there might be much description about violence, superstition, and sex, contain evil thoughts.



第二， 状语从句。
在写作当中运用的最多的是以下五种状语从句，即原因状语从句，让步状语从句，条件状语从句，时间状语从句和目的状语从句。

1. 原因状语从句：常由because, as, since和for引导
Eg: Nonetheless, I am still in favor of space travel, for its merits far outweigh demerits.
尽管如此，我还是赞成太空探险，因为它的好处远远大于坏处。

2. 让步状语从句：常由although, though, even though/ if, as long as和notwithstanding引导
Eg: Although this view is wildly held, this is little evidence that education can be obtained at any age and at any place.
尽管这一观点被广泛接受，很少有证据表明教育能够在任何地点、任何年龄进行。

3. 条件状语从句：常由if, on the condition that和providing that引导
Eg: If you want to achieve something or intend to fulfill one of your ambitions, you must work hard, make efforts and get prepared.
假如你要取得成就或要实现你的雄心壮志，你必须努力工作、艰苦奋斗、准备好条件。

4. 时间状语从句：常由when和while引导
Eg: When it comes to education, the majority of people believe that education is a lifetime study.
说到教育，大部分人认为其是一个终生的学习。

5. 目的状语从句: 常由so that和in order that引导
Eg: Millions of people have to spend more time and energy on studying new skills and technology so that they can keep a favorable position in job market.
成千上万的人们不得不花费更多的精力和时间学习新的技术和知识，使得他们在就业市场能保持优势。

第三， 宾语从句。
Eg: Some people claim that government should be mainly responsible for the environmental pollution.
一些人认为政府应对环境污染负主要责任。
Eg: Many experts point out that, along with the development of modern society, it is an inevitable result and there is no way to avoid it.
许多专家指出这是现代社会发展必然的结果，无法避免。

第四， 同位语从句。
Eg: It is an undeniable fact that environmental pollution becomes increasingly serious.
环境污染变得越来越严重是不可否认的事实。
Eg: No one can deny the basic fact that it is impossible for average workers to master those high-technology skills easily.
没有人能否认这一基本事实：对于一般工人来讲，轻松掌握这些技术是不可能的。

第五，主语从句。
Eg: What has caught our attention is /It is noticeable that the environment in both the rural and urban areas is deteriorating. 
值得注意的是农村和城市的生态环境都在不断恶化。
Eg: It is universally acknowledged that environmental pollution becomes one of the most serious problems in China or even the world as a whole.
众所周知，环境污染问题是中国乃至世界面临的最为严重的问题之一。

第六，强调句: It is ＋ 被强调的内容 ＋ that
Eg: It is cars and factories that release a great deal of gases, polluting the environment.
汽车和工厂排放大量的废气，使得环境被污染。

第七，倒装句。
Eg: Only if the government will take some appropriate measures, will this intractable problem be tackled.
只有政府采取适当的措施，这个棘手的问题才能被解决。

第八，被动语态。
Eg: Every means should be tried to protect the environment on which people live.
人们应竭尽全力来保护我们赖以生存的环境。

第九， 分词结构：包括现在分词和过去分词。
Eg: Tourism, which is a rising industry, has become the major source of economy, playing crucial role in many Asian countries.
旅游业是一个新兴的行业，它成为经济的主要来源, 在很多东南亚国家起着尤为重要的作用。

Eg: To be more specific, government should stage some relevant laws or regulations to severely punish the factory producing a great number of pollutants and the people littering or spitting deliberately.
具体来说，政府应该出台相关法律法规对制造大量污染物的工厂及故意乱扔垃圾随地吐痰的人进行严惩。

第十， 插入语。
一种独立成分,与句子的其它成分一般没有语法上的关系,大都是对一句话作一些附加说明或解释。它通常由一个词、一个短语或一个句子构成,位置较为灵活,可置于句首、句中或句末,一般用逗号或破折号与句子隔开。
Eg: Computer, an indispensable part in our life, has brought us great conveniences.
电脑，我们生活中必不可少的一部分，给我们带来了极大的方便。

Eg: College students, lacking social experience, are easily cheated.
大学生，没有社会经验，容易上当受骗。

有了这十大句型，写作还有什么可怕的呢？只要你多多练习，熟练掌握这些句型并灵活运用到写作中去，想要在雅思或托福写作部分得到一个比较满意的分数将不再是一个遥不可及的梦想。行动起来吧！